I. Think of three … 

ways to make big money – Freelancing, learning some craft, successful business
things that will be obsolete within ten years – Elevator to the moon, brain chip, living on another planet
reasons why people cannot make ends meet – Price increase, ւnstable work, lazy
strategies for managing your spending money better. – Economy, organization, do not make personal purchases

II. How could you find a way out of these situations?

You have to pay the bill in a restaurant but you realize you haven’t got enough cash to pay the bill. – I would ask my relatives to replenish my account on the card.
You tell a lie to your boss and he finds out. – I would ask my boss for forgiveness and never make that mistake again.
On Facebook, a friend posts a photo of you at a festival when you should have been at work. – I will confess to my boss and explain the situation.

III. Think about achievements in people`s everyday life. Choose two that are important to you and write two or three sentences about them.                                 

passing a driving test, gaining professional qualifications, moving away from home, having a successful career, making a major purchase (e.g. car, house …)

I think that for all people a successful career has an important role in life. Having a successful career, you can do everything if you want to do it yourself. Second, I need to have my own stable home.

Book։ Murphy (Unit 13, 14, page 26, 28)

PRESENT PERFECT (Ներկա վաղակատար ժամանակաձև) – ցույց է տալիս ներկա ժամանակակետից առաջ ավարտված գործողություն, որն իր հետևանքով և արդյունքով կապված է ներկայի հետ: Կացմվում է have/has + բայի 3րդ հիմք։

PAST SIMPLE (Անցյալ անորոշ ժամանակաձև) – Անցյալ անորոշ ժամանակաձևը ցույց է տալիս գործողություն, որը տեղի է ունեցել անցյալում: Բաժանվում է երկու խմբի՝ կանոնավոր (regular) և անկանոն (irregular)։ Կանոնավոր բայերը ստանում են (․․․ed) վերջավորությունը, իսկ անականոն բայերը փոխվում են հիմքով:

13.3

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.

1․ It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (it / stop)

2. The town where I live is very different now. It has changed a lot. (it / change)

3. I studied German at school, but I have forgotten most of it now. (I / forget)

4. The police arrested three people, but later they let them go. (arrest)

5. What do you think of English? Do you think it has improved? (it / improve)

6. A: Are you still reading the paper?

B: No, I have finished with it. You can have it. (I / finish)

7. I applied for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn’t successful. (I / apply)

8. Where’s bike? It was outside the house, but it’s not there now. (it / be)

9. Quick! We need to call an ambulance. I There has been an accident. (there / be)

10. A: Have you heard about Ben? He has broken his arm. (he / break)

B: Really? How did that happen? (that / happen)

A: He fell off a ladder. (he / fall)

14.1

Are the underlined parts of thede sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.

1. I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere.	Ok
2. Have you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child?	Did you eat
3. I’ve bought a new car. You must come and see it.	Ok
4. I’ve bought a new car last week.	I bought
5. Where have you been yesterday evening?	Where were you
6. Lucky has left school in 1999.	Lucy left
7. I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?	Ok
8. Have you been to Paris? ‘Yes, many times.’	Ok
9. I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten much today.	Ok
10. When has this book been published?	Was this book

14.2

Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.

1. (it / not / rain / this week) It hasn’t rained this week.

2. (the weather / be / cold / recently) The weather has been cold recently.

3. (it/cold/last week) It. It was cold last week․

4. (I/not/read/a newspaper yestarday) I didn’t read a newspaper yesterday.

5. ( I/ not/read/ a newspaper today) I haven’t read a newspaper today.

6. (Ann/earn/a lot ot money/ this year) Ann has earned a lot of money this year.

7. she/not/earn/ so much/ last year) She didn’t earn so much last year.

8. you/ have / a holiday recently? Have you had a holiday recently?

14.3

Put the verb into thr correct form, present or past simole.

1. ‘What’s Madrid like?’ ‘I don’t know. I haven’t been (I / not / be) there.’

2. When I got (I / get) home last night, I was (I / be) very tired and I went (I / go) straight to bed.

3. A: Have you seen (you / see) Lisa recently?

B: Yes, I saw (I / saw) her a few days ago.

4. I’m tired. I didn’t sleep (I / not / sleep) well last night.

5. The bus drivers were on strike last week. There were (there / be) no buses.

6. Mr Lee worked (work) in a bank for 15 years. There gave (he / give) it up. Now he works as a gardener.

7. Mary lives in Dublin. She’s lived (she / live) there all her life.

8. A: Did you go (you / go) to the cinema last night?

B: Yes, but it was (it / be) a mistake. The film was (be) awful.

9. My grandfather died (die) before I was born. I never met (I / never / meet) him.

10. I don’t know Karen’s husband. I’ve never met (I / never / meet) him.

11. It’s nearly lunchtime, and I didn’t seen (I / not / see) Martin all morning. I wonder where he is.

12 ‘Where do you live?, ‘In Boston.’

‘How long have you lived. (you / live) there?’ ‘Five years.’

‘Where did you live (you / live) before that?’ ‘In Chicago.’

‘And how long did you live (you / live) in Chicago?’ ‘Two years.’

14.4

…

Book (English in mind)

1) Complete the sentences with names: Debbie, Pete, Jess, or Joel.

1. Pete suggests making cakes for the party. Փիթն առաջարկում է խնջույքի համար տորթեր պատրաստել։

2. Debbie says Pete made an awful pizza one time. Դեբին ասում է, որ Փիթը մի անգամ սարսափելի պիցցա է պատրաստել:

3. Pete gets a bit angry. Փիթը մի փոքր զայրանում է։

4. Jess tells Debbie that she wasn’t very friendly. Ջեսն ասում է Դեբիին, որ նա այնքան էլ ընկերասեր չէր:

5. Jess says It’s OK to make jokes about friends. Ջեսն ասում է, որ լավ է ընկերների մասին կատակներ անելը:

6. Jess says real friends don’t hurt each other.

7. Debbie says sorry to Pete.

8. Debbie thinks it’s natural that Pete isn’t happy.

       

ՆԵՐԿԱ ՎԱՂԱԿԱՏԱՐ ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱՁԵՎ / PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Այս ժամանակաձևը ցույց է տալիս անցյալում կատարված և ավարտված գործողություն, որն իր հետևանքով և արդյունքով կապված է ներկայի հետ:

Կազմվում է հետևյալ կերպ՝ have/has+participle II

I have seen the film

ՆԵՐԿԱ ՎԱՂԱԿԱՏԱՐ ՇԱՐՈՒՆԱԿԱԿԱՆ / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINIUS

Գործողություն, որ սկսվել է անցյալում և շարունակվում է մինչև հիմա։

have/has + been + ing

He has been waiting for her for an hour. 

ՆԵՐԿԱ ԱՆՈՐՈՇ ԺԱՄԱՆԱԿԱՁԵՎ / PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Գործողություն, որը տեղի է ունենում ներկայում և կրում է կրկնվող, կանոնավոր բնույթ: 

Ներկա անորոշը կազմվում է բայի անորոշ հիմքով առանց to մասնիկի:

Այս ժամանակաձևումչի օգտագործվում to be (am, is, are) բայը, քանի որ այն արտահայտում է գործողություն, իսկ to be-ն ցույց է տալիս վիճակ, կարգավիճակ, այլ ոչ թե գործողություն:

Book (Unit 10, page 20)

Exercise 10.1 

Read the situation and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets.

1. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53.
He has been reading for two hours. (read)
He has read 53 pages so far. (read)

2. Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her trip three months ago.
She has been traveling for three months. (travel)
She has visited six countries six countries so far. (visit)

3. Parick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he won the national championship again – for the fourth time.
He has won the national championship four times. (win)
She has visited six countries so far. (visit)

4. When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films.
They have been making films since they left college. (make)
They have made five films since they left college. (make)

Exercise 10.2 

For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.

1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask:
(how long / learn / Arabic?) How long have you been learning Arabic?

2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask:
(wait / long?) Have you been waiting long?

3. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask:
(catch / any fish?) Have you caught any fish?

4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask:
(how many people / invite?) How many people have you invited?

5. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask:
(how long / teach) How long have you been teaching?

6. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask:
(how many books / write?) How many books have you written?
(how long / write / books?) How long have you been writing books?

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask:
(how long / save?) How long have you been saving?
(how much money / save?) How much money have you saved?

Exercise 10.3

… 

Book (Unit 8, page 16)

Exercise 8.1 

You ask people about things they have done. Write questions with ever.​

1. (ride / horse?) Have you ever ridde a horse?

2. (be / California?) Have you ever been to California?

3. (run / marathon?) Have you ever run a marathon?

4. (speak / famous person?) Have you ever spoken to a famous person.

5. (most beautiful place / visit?) What’s the most beautiful place you have ever visited?

Exercise 8.2

Complete B’s answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use these verbs:

be

be

eat

happen

have

have

meet

play

read

see

try

A 1. What’s Mark’s sister like?	I’ve no idea. I’ve never met her.
2. Is everything going well?	Yes, we haven’t had any problems so far.
3. Are you hungry?	Yes, I haven’t eaten much today.
4. Can you play chess?	Yes, but I haven’t played for ages.
5. Are you enjoying your holiday?	Yes, it’s the best holiday I have had for a long time.
6. What’s that book like?	I don’t know. I haven’t read it.
7. Is Brussels an interesting place?	I’ve no idea. I haven’t been there.
8. I hear your car broke down again yesterday.	Yes it’s the second time has happened this month.
9. Do you like caviar?	I don’t know. I haven’t tried it.
10. Mike was late for work again today.	Again? He has been late every day this week.
11. Who’s that woman by the door?	I don’t know. I have never seen her before.

Exercise 8.3

Write four sentences about yourself. Use I haven’t and choose from the boxes.

used a computer	travelled by bus	eaten any fruit
been to the cinema	read a book	lost anything

1. I haven’t used a computer today.	today
2. I haven’t travelled by bus this week.	this week
3. I haven’t been to the cinema recently.	recently
4. I haven’t read a book for ages.	for ages
5. I haven’t lost anything this year.	since…
	this year

Exercise 8.4

1. Jack is driving a car but he’s very nervous not sure what to do.
You ask : Have you driven a car before?
He says : No, this is the first time I’ve driven a car.

2. Ben is playing tennis. He’s not good at it and he doesn’t know the rules.
You ask : Have you played tennis before?
He says : No, this is the first time I’ve played tennis.

3. Sue is riding a horse. She doesn’t look very confident or comfortable.
You ask : Have you ridden a horse before?
He says : No, this is the first time I’ve ridden a horse.

4. Maria is in Japan. She has just arrived and it’s very new for her.
You ask: Have you been to Japan before?
She says: No, this is the first time I’ve been to Japan.

I. Read the sentences and select the correct transition word. 

We have a mouse in the house, (unfortunately/therefore) we should get a cat.

Therefore

Megan got into a car accident, (furthermore/as a result), her insurance rate increased.

As a result

Michael is very athletic and plays on the school basketball team, (whereas/in addition) his brother just stays at home and plays video games all day.

In addition

There are many occupations today, ( such as/ for example you can become a doctor, engineer, teacher, artist, athlete, musician, or chef, just to name a few.

For example

Although/Despite they tried hard, the students could not complete the project in time as they were lacking in skills and knowledge.

Although

(Even if/Unlike) you fail, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you tried.

Even if

Eating well will help you live a healthier life, (moreover/as a result), exercising every day is also highly recommended.

Moreover

II. Match the proverb with its meaning

6.People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.                                                                                                         7.You made your bed – now you must lie in it.                           2.Blood is thicker than water.                                                   4.A stitch in time saves nine.                                                            5.It never rains but it pours.                                                   1.One man’s meat is another man’s poison.                             3.A miss is as good as a mile.

1.What can hurt one person can help another.

2.Family is most important.

3.You still lost.

4.Do not procrastinate.

5.Things are worse than they seem.

6.Do not treat others badly if you cannot handle the consequences and you yourself have faults.       

7.If you say you will do something then do it. 

III. Complete the following sentences

I want to improve my English, because…

I want to travel a lot in the future.

He wondered why … 

his friend couldn’t come.

Choosing a career is as important as …

our health.

I would like to travel to…, because…

Europe, I want to continue my studies there.

IV.  The word combination “toast master” is for Armenian “թամադա”. Imagine as if you are the toast master in a wedding party. What would you wish to the newly married couple in your toast?

Let harmony, romance and mutual understanding reign in your relationship, and let cheerful children’s laughter always sound in the house! Love each other and fill every moment with joy!

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